It looks like the vb dropped right out leaving the rooster comb behind. That's not normally how they come out, but it explains a lot in your case. The good news is your engagement tang probably doesn't need to be bent at all. There is a land and groove cut into the throttle valve lever as seen in pics three and five. There is supposed to be a cir-clip in that groove which rests against a flat washer on the outside of the vb. Either the cir-clip broke and fell down harmlessly into your pan, or it was omitted the last time this trans was serviced. Either way, without that clip in place, the rooster comb is free to slide up, thus allowing the engagement tang to get away from the manual valve. You need a cir-clip very similar, if not identical to the one that is keeping your rooster comb attached to the park pawl rod.
First step now is to get the park pawl rod and attached rooster comb out of the trans. It shouldn't be necessary to separate the two pieces. The end of the pp rod that you can't see has kind of a press fit keeper on it that is meant to spring into any one of the notched cutouts on the governor wheel. There is a spring loaded lever on a pivot pin inside the trans case that also helps retain the pp rod in place once you've shifted into park. Often times, the pp rod can be slid out with little resistance when the governor is aligned just right. The governor will rotate along with the drive shaft. It isn't necessary to make a full revolution, just rock it back and forth while tugging on the rod and it should come free. If not, you can take a large, flat screwdriver and press the spring loaded lever holding it up into the case and out of the way of the pp rod. This is difficult to explain and my words probably lack the necessary clarity, but I'm trying. It takes some finagling, but you'll get it. Just trust me, when the rooster comb is retained to the vb as it should be, you don't want to have to try and finesse the cir-clip that retains the pp rod to the rooster comb from under the rig. Its so much easier to make that connection on the workbench and then stuff everything as a cohesive unit back into the trans.
Now to the detent ball. I'm glad you didn't lose it. The spring that loads it can shoot that ball clear across your gee-rodge and into your neighbor's yard if you aren't very careful. It sucks when that happens. So there's a couple methods you can use to put that rooster comb and detent ball back into place. You need to be able to force that spring and ball far enough into the hole to clear the rooster comb, but whatever you're using to hold the ball must be strong enough to hold it and also slender enough to clear the leading edges of the rooster comb. I know that doesn't make any sense, but bear with me. I've used a metal gap feeler gauge of just the right thickness to hold the ball and spring up in the hole as I slide the rooster comb into position. Another method is to use a small diameter peg just long enough to hold the ball and spring in place, but not so big that the rc can't slide down far enough to take over the duty of holding the ball and spring. It sounds more complex and difficult than it actually is. If you look things over carefully and do some test fitting, I'm sure the light bulb will come on in your head. Most folks who are messing around with transmission parts at least have some service literature on hand with step by step and pictures to refer to, but I can understand if you don't have that at your disposal.
