You've mentioned several times and been asked at least once what your vacuum was at idle. I don't recall seeing an answer. So let's pick up from there with a number we can sink our teeth into. We also need to know if the gauge needle is steady at idle or if bounces wildly. And by idle I mean, hot engine, choke wide open and engine speed at 800 rpms or lower. That May not be possible with your current situation, but you'd need to get as close to all that as you can to see an accurate reading on the gauge. Multiple carbs tried with the same result means either the carb isn't the issue or none of the carbs are correct for your engine. My money is on option a.
You say you also messed with the timing, but you didn't indicate what condition the points and condenser were in or what you set the dwell angle to. My suggestion, get all the ignition related stuff that you have the ability to adjust set to factory specs and leave them there. Once your dwell and timing are set, they're set. You could put 30 different carbs on there, and the timing and dwell wouldn't be affected in the least. On the flip side, an incorrect dwell angle or timing that is too far advanced or retarded can certainly have a detrimental effect on your fuel delivery system no matter which carb is on there. You have too many variables at play here. You need to get some base lines established. Set dwell angle, basic timing and spark plug gap to factory specs. Re-verify correct plug wire routing. Then take vacuum gauge readings as indicated above and post them here.